SpringBootMongoDB索引冲突怎么办
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一、背景
spring-data-mongo 实现了基于 MongoDB 的 ORM-Mapping能力,
通过一些简单的注解、Query封装以及工具类,就可以通过对象操作来实现集合、文档的增删改查;
在 SpringBoot 体系中,spring-data-mongo 是 MongoDB Java 工具库的不二之选。
二、问题产生
在一次项目问题的追踪中,发现SpringBoot 应用启动失败,报错信息如下:
Error creating bean with name 'mongoTemplate' defined in class path resource [org/bootfoo/BootConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate]: Factory method 'mongoTemplate' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: Cannot create index for 'deviceId' in collection 'T_MDevice' with keys '{ "deviceId" : 1}' and options '{ "name" : "deviceId"}'. Index already defined as '{ "v" : 1 , "unique" : true , "key" : { "deviceId" : 1} , "name" : "deviceId" , "ns" : "appdb.T_MDevice"}'.; nested exception is com.mongodb.MongoCommandException: Command failed with error 85: 'exception: Index with name: deviceId already exists with different options' on server 127.0.0.1:27017. The full response is { "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false, "numIndexesBefore" : 6, "errmsg" : "exception: Index with name: deviceId already exists with different options", "code" : 85, "ok" : 0.0 }
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:588)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:366)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1264)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:553)...
Caused by: org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: Cannot create index for 'deviceId' in collection 'T_MDevice' with keys '{ "deviceId" : 1}' and options '{ "name" : "deviceId"}'. Index already defined as '{ "v" : 1 , "unique" : true , "key" : { "deviceId" : 1} , "name" : "deviceId" , "ns" : "appdb.T_MDevice"}'.; nested exception is com.mongodb.MongoCommandException: Command failed with error 85: 'exception: Index with name: deviceId already exists with different options' on server 127.0.0.1:27017. The full response is { "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false, "numIndexesBefore" : 6, "errmsg" : "exception: Index with name: deviceId already exists with different options", "code" : 85, "ok" : 0.0 }
at org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.createIndex(MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.java:157)
at org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.checkForAndCreateIndexes(MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.java:133)
at org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.checkForIndexes(MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.java:125)
at org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.(MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.java:91)
at org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.index.MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.(MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.java:68)
at org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate.(MongoTemplate.java:229)
at org.bootfoo.BootConfiguration.mongoTemplate(BootConfiguration.java:121)
at org.bootfoo.BootConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$1963a75.CGLIB$mongoTemplate$2()
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:162)
... 58 moreCaused by: com.mongodb.MongoCommandException: Command failed with error 85: 'exception: Index with name: deviceId already exists with different options' on server 127.0.0.1:27017. The full response is { "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false, "numIndexesBefore" : 6, "errmsg" : "exception: Index with name: deviceId already exists with different options", "code" : 85, "ok" : 0.0 }
at com.mongodb.connection.ProtocolHelper.getCommandFailureException(ProtocolHelper.java:115)
at com.mongodb.connection.CommandProtocol.execute(CommandProtocol.java:114)
at com.mongodb.connection.DefaultServer$DefaultServerProtocolExecutor.execute(DefaultServer.java:168)
关键信息: org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: Cannot create index
从异常信息上看,出现的是索引冲突( Command failed with error 85),spring-data-mongo 组件在程序启动时会实现根据注解创建索引的功能。
查看业务实体定义:
@Document(collection = "T_MDevice") public class MDevice { @Id private String id; @Indexed(unique=true) private String deviceId;
deviceId 这个字段上定义了一个索引, unique=true表示这是一个唯一索引。
我们继续 查看 MongoDB中表的定义:
db.getCollection('T_MDevice').getIndexes() >> [ { "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "appdb.T_MDevice" }, { "v" : 1, "key" : { "deviceId" : 1 }, "name" : "deviceId", "ns" : "appdb.T_MDevice" } ]
发现数据库表中同样存在一个名为 deviceId的索引,但是并非唯一索引!
三、详细分析
为了核实错误产生的原因,我们尝试通过 Mongo Shell去执行索引的创建,发现返回了同样的错误。
通过将数据库中的索引删除,或更正为 unique=true之后可以解决当前的问题。
从严谨度上看,一个索引冲突导致 SpringBoot 服务启动不了,是可以接受的。
但从灵活性来看,是否有某些方式能 禁用索引的自动创建,或者仅仅是打印日志呢?
尝试 google spring data mongodb disable index creation
发现 JIRA-DATAMONGO-1201 在2015年就已经提出,至今未解决。
图
stackoverflow 找到许多 同样问题 ,
但大多数的解答是不采用索引注解,选择其他方式对索引进行管理。
这些结果并不能令人满意。
尝试查看 spring-data-mongo 的机制,定位到 MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator类:
初始化方法中,会根据 MappingContext(实体映射上下文)中已有的实体去创建索引
public MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator(MongoMappingContext mappingContext, MongoDbFactory mongoDbFactory, IndexResolver indexResolver) { ... //根据已有实体创建 for (MongoPersistentEntity> entity : mappingContext.getPersistentEntities()) { checkForIndexes(entity); } }
在接收到MappingContextEvent时,创建对应实体的索引
public void onApplicationEvent(MappingContextEvent, ?> event) { if (!event.wasEmittedBy(mappingContext)) { return; } PersistentEntity, ?> entity = event.getPersistentEntity(); // Double check type as Spring infrastructure does not consider nested generics if (entity instanceof MongoPersistentEntity) { //创建单个实体索引 checkForIndexes((MongoPersistentEntity>) entity); } }
MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator是通过MongoTemplate引入的,如下:
public MongoTemplate(MongoDbFactory mongoDbFactory, MongoConverter mongoConverter) { Assert.notNull(mongoDbFactory); this.mongoDbFactory = mongoDbFactory; this.exceptionTranslator = mongoDbFactory.getExceptionTranslator(); this.mongoConverter = mongoConverter == null ? getDefaultMongoConverter(mongoDbFactory) : mongoConverter; ... // We always have a mapping context in the converter, whether it's a simple one or not mappingContext = this.mongoConverter.getMappingContext(); // We create indexes based on mapping events if (null != mappingContext && mappingContext instanceof MongoMappingContext) { indexCreator = new MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator((MongoMappingContext) mappingContext, mongoDbFactory); eventPublisher = new MongoMappingEventPublisher(indexCreator); if (mappingContext instanceof ApplicationEventPublisherAware) { ((ApplicationEventPublisherAware) mappingContext).setApplicationEventPublisher(eventPublisher); } } } ... //MongoTemplate实现了 ApplicationContextAware,当ApplicationContext被实例化时被感知 public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException { prepareIndexCreator(applicationContext); eventPublisher = applicationContext; if (mappingContext instanceof ApplicationEventPublisherAware) { //MappingContext作为事件来源,向ApplicationContext发布 ((ApplicationEventPublisherAware) mappingContext).setApplicationEventPublisher(eventPublisher); } resourceLoader = applicationContext; } ... //注入事件监听 private void prepareIndexCreator(ApplicationContext context) { String[] indexCreators = context.getBeanNamesForType(MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.class); for (String creator : indexCreators) { MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator creatorBean = context.getBean(creator, MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator.class); if (creatorBean.isIndexCreatorFor(mappingContext)) { return; } } if (context instanceof ConfigurableApplicationContext) { //使 IndexCreator 监听 ApplicationContext的事件 ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) context).addApplicationListener(indexCreator); } }
由此可见, MongoTemplate在初始化时,先通过 MongoConverter带入 MongoMappingContext,
随后完成一系列初始化,整个过程如下:
实例化 MongoTemplate;
实例化 MongoConverter;
实例化 MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator;
初始化索引(通过MappingContext已有实体);
Repository初始化 -> MappingContext 发布映射事件;
ApplicationContext 将事件通知到 IndexCreator;
IndexCreator 创建索引
在实例化过程中,没有任何配置可以阻止索引的创建。
四、解决问题
从前面的分析中,可以发现问题关键在 IndexCreator,能否提供一个自定义的实现呢,答案是可以的!
实现的要点如下
实现一个IndexCreator,可继承MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator,去掉索引的创建功能;
实例化 MongoConverter和 MongoTemplate时,使用一个空的 MongoMappingContext对象避免初始化索引;
将自定义的IndexCreator作为Bean进行注册,这样在prepareIndexCreator方法执行时,原来的 MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator不会监听ApplicationContext的事件
IndexCreator 实现了ApplicationContext监听,接管 MappingEvent事件处理。
实例化Bean
@Bean public MongoMappingContext mappingContext() { return new MongoMappingContext(); } // 使用 MappingContext 实例化 MongoTemplate @Bean public MongoTemplate mongoTemplate(MongoDbFactory mongoDbFactory, MongoMappingContext mappingContext) { MappingMongoConverter converter = new MappingMongoConverter(new DefaultDbRefResolver(mongoDbFactory), mappingContext); converter.setTypeMapper(new DefaultMongoTypeMapper(null)); MongoTemplate mongoTemplate = new MongoTemplate(mongoDbFactory, converter); return mongoTemplate; }
自定义IndexCreator
// 自定义IndexCreator实现 @Component public static class CustomIndexCreator extends MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator { // 构造器引用MappingContext public CustomIndexCreator(MongoMappingContext mappingContext, MongoDbFactory mongoDbFactory) { super(mappingContext, mongoDbFactory); } public void onApplicationEvent(MappingContextEvent, ?> event) { PersistentEntity, ?> entity = event.getPersistentEntity(); // 获得Mongo实体类 if (entity instanceof MongoPersistentEntity) { System.out.println("Detected MongoEntity " + entity.getName()); //可实现索引处理.. } } }
在这里 CustomIndexCreator继承了 MongoPersistentEntityIndexCreator,将自动接管MappingContextEvent事件的监听。
在业务实现上可以根据需要完成索引的处理!
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