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1、Hibernate.cfg.xml 主配置

Hibernate.cfg.xml是主配置文件，其中配置大体分为3部分：数据库连接信息、其他参数、映射信息！

    
    
        
        com.MySQL.jdbc.Driver
        jdbc:mysql:///test	
        root
        root
	
        org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
        
        
	
	false
	
	true
	
	update
	
	
	
	
		
    

1.1、数据库连接参数配置

## MySQL

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect
#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLMyISAMDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mysql:///test
#hibernate.connection.username gavin
#hibernate.connection.password

1.2、自动建表

#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create-drop 每次在创建sessionFactory时候执行创建表；当调用sesisonFactory的close方法的时候，删除表！
#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create   每次都重新建表； 如果表已经存在就先删除再创建
#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto update  如果表不存在就创建； 表存在就不创建；
#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto validate  (生成环境时候) 执行验证： 当映射文件的内容与数据库表结构不一样的时候就报错！

根据hibernate.cfg.xml文件自动建表

import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;

public class App
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// 创建配置管理类对象
		Configuration config = new Configuration();
		// 加载主配置文件
		config.configure();

		// 创建工具类对象
		SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport(config);
		// 建表
		// 第一个参数： 是否在控制台打印建表语句
		// 第二个参数： 是否执行脚本
		export.create(true, true);
	}
}

1.3、常用配置参考文件

常用配置参考文件：hibernate-distribution-3.6.0.Final\project\etc\hibernate.properties

 

######################
### Query Language ###
######################

## define query language constants / function names

hibernate.query.substitutions yes 'Y', no 'N'


## select the classic query parser

#hibernate.query.factory_class org.hibernate.hql.classic.ClassicQueryTranslatorFactory



#################
### Platforms ###
#################

## JNDI Datasource

#hibernate.connection.datasource jdbc/test
#hibernate.connection.username db2
#hibernate.connection.password db2


## HypersonicSQL

hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect
hibernate.connection.driver_class org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver
hibernate.connection.username sa
hibernate.connection.password
hibernate.connection.url jdbc:hsqldb:./build/db/hsqldb/hibernate
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:hsqldb:test

## H2 (www.h3database.com)
#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class org.h3.Driver
#hibernate.connection.username sa
#hibernate.connection.password
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h3:mem:./build/db/h3/hibernate
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h3:testdb/h3test
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h3:mem:imdb1
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h3:tcp://dbserv:8084/sample; 	
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h3:ssl://secureserv:8085/sample; 	
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h3:ssl://secureserv/testdb;cipher=AES

## MySQL

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect
#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLMyISAMDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mysql:///test
#hibernate.connection.username gavin
#hibernate.connection.password


## Oracle

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle8iDialect
#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9iDialect
#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
#hibernate.connection.username ora
#hibernate.connection.password ora
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1522:XE


## PostgreSQL

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class org.postgresql.Driver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:postgresql:template1
#hibernate.connection.username pg
#hibernate.connection.password


## DB2

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.DB2Dialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.ibm.db2.jcc.DB2Driver
#hibernate.connection.driver_class COM.ibm.db2.jdbc.app.DB2Driver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:db2://localhost:50000/somename
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:db2:somename
#hibernate.connection.username db2
#hibernate.connection.password db2

## TimesTen

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.TimesTenDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.timesten.jdbc.TimesTenDriver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:timesten:direct:test
#hibernate.connection.username
#hibernate.connection.password 

## DB2/400

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.DB2400Dialect
#hibernate.connection.username user
#hibernate.connection.password password

## Native driver
#hibernate.connection.driver_class COM.ibm.db2.jdbc.app.DB2Driver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:db2://systemname

## Toolbox driver
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.ibm.as400.access.AS400JDBCDriver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:as400://systemname


## Derby (not supported!)

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver
#hibernate.connection.username
#hibernate.connection.password
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:derby:build/db/derby/hibernate;create=true


## Sybase

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.sybase.jdbc2.jdbc.SybDriver
#hibernate.connection.username sa
#hibernate.connection.password sasasa
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:sybase:Tds:co3061835-a:5000/tempdb


## Mckoi SQL

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MckoiDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mckoi.JDBCDriver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mckoi:///
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mckoi:local://C:/mckoi1.0.3/db.conf
#hibernate.connection.username admin
#hibernate.connection.password nimda


## SAP DB

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.SAPDBDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.sap.dbtech.jdbc.DriverSapDB
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:sapdb://localhost/TST
#hibernate.connection.username TEST
#hibernate.connection.password TEST
#hibernate.query.substitutions yes 'Y', no 'N'


## MS SQL Server

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect
#hibernate.connection.username sa
#hibernate.connection.password sa

## JSQL Driver
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.jnetdirect.jsql.JSQLDriver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:JSQLConnect://1E1/test

## JTURBO Driver
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.newatlanta.jturbo.driver.Driver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:JTurbo://1E1:1433/test

## WebLogic Driver
#hibernate.connection.driver_class weblogic.jdbc.mssqlserver4.Driver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:weblogic:mssqlserver4:1E1:1433

## Microsoft Driver (not recommended!)
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://1E1;DatabaseName=test;SelectMethod=cursor

## The New Microsoft Driver 
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:sqlserver://localhost

## jTDS (since version 0.9)
#hibernate.connection.driver_class net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://1E1/test

## Interbase

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.InterbaseDialect
#hibernate.connection.username sysdba
#hibernate.connection.password masterkey

## DO NOT specify hibernate.connection.sqlDialect

## InterClient

#hibernate.connection.driver_class interbase.interclient.Driver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:interbase://localhost:3060/C:/firebird/test.gdb

## Pure Java

#hibernate.connection.driver_class org.firebirdsql.jdbc.FBDriver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:firebirdsql:localhost/3050:/firebird/test.gdb


## Pointbase

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.PointbaseDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.pointbase.jdbc.jdbcUniversalDriver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:pointbase:embedded:sample
#hibernate.connection.username PBPUBLIC
#hibernate.connection.password PBPUBLIC


## Ingres

## older versions (before Ingress 2006)

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.IngresDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class ca.edbc.jdbc.EdbcDriver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:edbc://localhost:II7/database
#hibernate.connection.username user
#hibernate.connection.password password

## Ingres 2006 or later

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.IngresDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.ingres.jdbc.IngresDriver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:ingres://localhost:II7/database;CURSOR=READONLY;auto=multi
#hibernate.connection.username user
#hibernate.connection.password password

## Mimer SQL

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MimerSQLDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mimer.jdbc.Driver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mimer:multi1
#hibernate.connection.username hibernate
#hibernate.connection.password hibernate


## InterSystems Cache

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.Cache71Dialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.intersys.jdbc.CacheDriver
#hibernate.connection.username _SYSTEM
#hibernate.connection.password SYS
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:Cache://127.0.0.1:1972/HIBERNATE


#################################
### Hibernate Connection Pool ###
#################################

hibernate.connection.pool_size 1



###########################
### C3P0 Connection Pool###
###########################

#hibernate.c3p0.max_size 2
#hibernate.c3p0.min_size 2
#hibernate.c3p0.timeout 5000
#hibernate.c3p0.max_statements 100
#hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period 3000
#hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment 2
#hibernate.c3p0.validate false



##############################
### Proxool Connection Pool###
##############################

## Properties for external configuration of Proxool

hibernate.proxool.pool_alias pool1

## Only need one of the following

#hibernate.proxool.existing_pool true
#hibernate.proxool.xml proxool.xml
#hibernate.proxool.properties proxool.properties



#################################
### Plugin ConnectionProvider ###
#################################

## use a custom ConnectionProvider (if not set, Hibernate will choose a built-in ConnectionProvider using hueristics)

#hibernate.connection.provider_class org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider
#hibernate.connection.provider_class org.hibernate.connection.DatasourceConnectionProvider
#hibernate.connection.provider_class org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider
#hibernate.connection.provider_class org.hibernate.connection.ProxoolConnectionProvider



#######################
### Transaction API ###
#######################

## Enable automatic flush during the JTA beforeCompletion() callback
## (This setting is relevant with or without the Transaction API)

#hibernate.transaction.flush_before_completion


## Enable automatic session close at the end of transaction
## (This setting is relevant with or without the Transaction API)

#hibernate.transaction.auto_close_session


## the Transaction API abstracts application code from the underlying JTA or JDBC transactions

#hibernate.transaction.factory_class org.hibernate.transaction.JTATransactionFactory
#hibernate.transaction.factory_class org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransactionFactory


## to use JTATransactionFactory, Hibernate must be able to locate the UserTransaction in JNDI
## default is java:comp/UserTransaction
## you do NOT need this setting if you specify hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class

#jta.UserTransaction jta/usertransaction
#jta.UserTransaction javax.transaction.UserTransaction
#jta.UserTransaction UserTransaction


## to use the second-level cache with JTA, Hibernate must be able to obtain the JTA TransactionManager

#hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.JBossTransactionManagerLookup
#hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.WeblogicTransactionManagerLookup
#hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.WebSphereTransactionManagerLookup
#hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.OrionTransactionManagerLookup
#hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.ResinTransactionManagerLookup



##############################
### Miscellaneous Settings ###
##############################

## print all generated SQL to the console

#hibernate.show_sql true


## format SQL in log and console

hibernate.format_sql true


## add comments to the generated SQL

#hibernate.use_sql_comments true


## generate statistics

#hibernate.generate_statistics true


## auto schema export

#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create-drop
#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create
#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto update
#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto validate


## specify a default schema and catalog for unqualified tablenames

#hibernate.default_schema test
#hibernate.default_catalog test


## enable ordering of SQL UPDATEs by primary key

#hibernate.order_updates true


## set the maximum depth of the outer join fetch tree

hibernate.max_fetch_depth 1


## set the default batch size for batch fetching

#hibernate.default_batch_fetch_size 8


## rollback generated identifier values of deleted entities to default values

#hibernate.use_identifer_rollback true


## enable bytecode reflection optimizer (disabled by default)

#hibernate.bytecode.use_reflection_optimizer true



#####################
### JDBC Settings ###
#####################

## specify a JDBC isolation level

#hibernate.connection.isolation 4


## enable JDBC autocommit (not recommended!)

#hibernate.connection.autocommit true


## set the JDBC fetch size

#hibernate.jdbc.fetch_size 25


## set the maximum JDBC 2 batch size (a nonzero value enables batching)

#hibernate.jdbc.batch_size 5
#hibernate.jdbc.batch_size 0


## enable batch updates even for versioned data

hibernate.jdbc.batch_versioned_data true


## enable use of JDBC 2 scrollable ResultSets (specifying a Dialect will cause Hibernate to use a sensible default)

#hibernate.jdbc.use_scrollable_resultset true


## use streams when writing binary types to / from JDBC

hibernate.jdbc.use_streams_for_binary true


## use JDBC 3 PreparedStatement.getGeneratedKeys() to get the identifier of an inserted row

#hibernate.jdbc.use_get_generated_keys false


## choose a custom JDBC batcher

# hibernate.jdbc.factory_class


## enable JDBC result set column alias caching 
## (minor performance enhancement for broken JDBC drivers)

# hibernate.jdbc.wrap_result_sets


## choose a custom SQL exception converter

#hibernate.jdbc.sql_exception_converter



##########################
### Second-level Cache ###
##########################

## optimize chache for minimal "puts" instead of minimal "gets" (good for clustered cache)

#hibernate.cache.use_minimal_puts true


## set a prefix for cache region names

hibernate.cache.region_prefix hibernate.test


## disable the second-level cache

#hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache false


## enable the query cache

#hibernate.cache.use_query_cache true


## store the second-level cache entries in a more human-friendly format

#hibernate.cache.use_structured_entries true


## choose a cache implementation

#hibernate.cache.provider_class org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
#hibernate.cache.provider_class org.hibernate.cache.EmptyCacheProvider
hibernate.cache.provider_class org.hibernate.cache.HashtableCacheProvider
#hibernate.cache.provider_class org.hibernate.cache.TreeCacheProvider
#hibernate.cache.provider_class org.hibernate.cache.OSCacheProvider
#hibernate.cache.provider_class org.hibernate.cache.SwarmCacheProvider


## choose a custom query cache implementation

#hibernate.cache.query_cache_factory



############
### JNDI ###
############

## specify a JNDI name for the SessionFactory

#hibernate.session_factory_name hibernate/session_factory


## Hibernate uses JNDI to bind a name to a SessionFactory and to look up the JTA UserTransaction;
## if hibernate.jndi.* are not specified, Hibernate will use the default InitialContext() which
## is the best approach in an application server

#file system
#hibernate.jndi.class com.sun.jndi.fscontext.RefFSContextFactory
#hibernate.jndi.url file:/

#WebSphere
#hibernate.jndi.class com.ibm.websphere.naming.WsnInitialContextFactory
#hibernate.jndi.url iiop://localhost:900/

2、映射配置

1、普通字段类型

2、主键映射

a)单列主键映射

b)多列作为主键映射

Employee.hbm.xml

Employee.java

package com.rk.hibernate.d_hbm_config;

import java.util.Date;

public class Employee
{
	private String empId;
	private String empName;
	private Date workDate;
	private String desc;
	
	public String getEmpId()
	{
		return empId;
	}
	public void setEmpId(String empId)
	{
		this.empId = empId;
	}
	public String getEmpName()
	{
		return empName;
	}
	public void setEmpName(String empName)
	{
		this.empName = empName;
	}
	public Date getWorkDate()
	{
		return workDate;
	}
	public void setWorkDate(Date workDate)
	{
		this.workDate = workDate;
	}
	public String getDesc()
	{
		return desc;
	}
	public void setDesc(String desc)
	{
		this.desc = desc;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString()
	{
		return "Employee [empId=" + empId + ", empName=" + empName + ", workDate=" + workDate + ", desc=" + desc + "]";
	}
}

App.java

package com.rk.hibernate.d_hbm_config;

import java.util.Date;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test;

public class App
{
	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	static
	{
		sessionFactory = new Configuration()
								.configure()
								.addClass(Employee.class)	//会自动加载映射文件：Employee.hbm.xml。这样，在hibernate.cfg.xml中就不用添加映射了
								.buildSessionFactory();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testSave()
	{
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tx = null;
		try
		{
			Employee emp = new Employee();
			emp.setEmpName("Tom");
			emp.setWorkDate(new Date());
			emp.setDesc("这里是描述");
			
			session = sessionFactory.openSession();
			tx = session.beginTransaction();
			session.save(emp);
			System.out.println("执行结束！");
		}
		catch(Exception e)
		{
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
		finally
		{
			tx.commit();
			session.close();
		}
	}
}

3、数据库问题

（1）一个表能否有多个主键？   不能。

（2）为什么要设置主键？       数据库存储的数据都是有效的，必须保持唯一。

（3）为什么把id作为主键？因为表中通常找不到合适的列作为唯一列即主键，所以为了方法用id列，因为id是数据库系统维护可以保证唯一，所以就把这列作为主键!

（4）联合/复合主键。如果找不到合适的列作为主键，出来用id列以外，我们一般用联合主键，即多列的值作为一个主键，从而确保记录的唯一性。

联合主键的案例

CompositeKeys.java

package com.rk.hibernate.e_compositekey;

import java.io.Serializable;

//复合主键类
public class CompositeKeys implements Serializable
{
	private String username;
	private String address;
	public String getUsername()
	{
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username)
	{
		this.username = username;
	}
	public String getAddress()
	{
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(String address)
	{
		this.address = address;
	}
	
}

User.java

package com.rk.hibernate.e_compositekey;

public class User
{
	// 名字跟地址，不会重复
	private CompositeKeys pkeys;
	private int age;

	public CompositeKeys getPkeys()
	{
		return pkeys;
	}
	public void setPkeys(CompositeKeys pkeys)
	{
		this.pkeys = pkeys;
	}
	public int getAge()
	{
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age)
	{
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString()
	{
		return "User [username=" + pkeys.getUsername() + ", address=" + pkeys.getAddress() +  ", age=" + age + "]";
	}
	
}

User.hbm.xml

App.java

package com.rk.hibernate.e_compositekey;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test;

public class App
{
	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	static
	{
		sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().addClass(User.class).buildSessionFactory();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testSave()
	{
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tx = null;
		try
		{
			// 对象
			CompositeKeys pkeys = new CompositeKeys();
			pkeys.setAddress("火星");
			pkeys.setUsername("小明");
			User u = new User();
			u.setPkeys(pkeys);
			u.setAge(20);
			
			// 保存
			session = sessionFactory.openSession();
			tx = session.beginTransaction();
			session.save(u);
			
			System.out.println("执行结束！");
		}
		catch(Exception e)
		{
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
		finally
		{
			tx.commit();
			session.close();
		}
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testQuery()
	{
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tx = null;
		try
		{
			//构建复合主键
			CompositeKeys pkeys = new CompositeKeys();
			pkeys.setAddress("火星");
			pkeys.setUsername("小明");
			
			// 查询
			session = sessionFactory.openSession();
			tx = session.beginTransaction();
			User u = (User) session.get(User.class, pkeys);
			System.out.println(u);
			
			System.out.println("执行结束！");
		}
		catch(Exception e)
		{
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
		finally
		{
			tx.commit();
			session.close();
		}
	}
}

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