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Docker实现Mariadb分库分表及读写分离功能

一、简介

本文使用docker实现MySQL主从配置，读写分离、分库分表等功能。

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二、环境准备

1.基础环境

java

java version "1.8.0_111"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_111-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.111-b14, mixed mode)

docker

Client:
 Version:	18.03.0-ce
 API version:	1.37
 Go version:	go1.9.4
 Git commit:	0520e24
 Built:	Wed Mar 21 23:09:15 2018
 OS/Arch:	linux/amd64
 Experimental:	false
 Orchestrator:	swarm

Server:
 Engine:
 Version:	18.03.0-ce
 API version:	1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
 Go version:	go1.9.4
 Git commit:	0520e24
 Built:	Wed Mar 21 23:13:03 2018
 OS/Arch:	linux/amd64
 Experimental:	false

三、安装Mysql主从配置

1.部署信息

节点名称数据名称节点IP端口
mastermarster192.168.92.503306
slaveslave192.168.92.513307
mycatmycat192.168.92.508066/9066

2.主节点配置文件

创建mysql主节点配置文件

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/master
mkdir conf data

创建主节点配置文件docker.cnf

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=master-bin #只是读写,就只要主库配置即可.如果要做主从切换，那么主库和从库都需要开启.
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql] 
default-character-set=utf8
[client] 
default-character-set=utf8

创建从节点配置文件 docker.conf

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/slave
mkdir conf data
[mysqld]
server-id=2
log-bin=master-bin 
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql] 
default-character-set=utf8
[client] 
default-character-set=utf8

3.创建mysql容器

此处使用mariadb最新稳定镜像创建容器

创建主节点myslq

docker run --name master -p 3306:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/master/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/master/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

创建从节点mysql

docker run --name slave -p 3307:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

4.开启主从复制

step 1 进入主节点

docker exec -it master /bin/bash
mysql -uroot -p

step 2 创建用户

create user 'backUser'@'%' identified by 'root';

grant replication slave on *.* to 'backUser'@'%';

flush privileges;

show master status;
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File    | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000003 |  787 |    |     |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)

step 3 进入从节点创建用户开启同步

docker exec -it slave /bin/bash

mysql -uroot -proot

change master to master_host='192.168.92.51',master_port=3306,master_user='backUser',master_password='root',master_log_file='master-bin.000003',master_log_pos=787;

开启主从复制：

start slave;

从节点设置日志和文件名要跟主节点信息对应，包括日志记录起始位置position

检查主从复制是否OK

show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
    Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
     Master_Host: 192.168.92.50
     Master_User: backUser
     Master_Port: 3306
     Connect_Retry: 60
    Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005
   Read_Master_Log_Pos: 343
    Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
     Relay_Log_Pos: 556
   Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005
    Slave_IO_Running: Yes
    Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Slave出现2个YES,代表主从复制设置成功。

5、安装Mycat

下载mycat在50节点实现安装

tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257-linux.tar.gz

mv mycat/ /usr/local/

修改mycat目录下 conf的server.xml 文件，指定用户名和密码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>



	
	0 
	1
	0 
	0 
	0
	false
	0
	0
	1
		
  64k
		
		1k
		0
		
		384m
		
		false
		
		
		
		false
		true
	
	
		123456
		test

上述配置，指定以root为用户名，密码为123456，访问虚拟逻辑数据库test。

配置rule规则

修改mycat conf 文件夹下的schema.xml 配置数据库对应规则

<?xml version="1.0"?>



	
   

		

	
	
	

	
		select user()
		
		
			
		
	

上述配置scheam name 对应server配置文件的虚拟数据库，指定了2个表信息，tb_user 表主键实现自增长，有4个数据库节点，使用userrule表规则。
dataNode 指定了真实对应的物理数据库节点，对应dataHost说明了读写指定的用户和节点信息。
配置表分片规则文件rule.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>



 
 	
		
			id
			func1
		
	
	
	
		
			id
			jump-consistent-hash
		
	
	
		0
		2
		160
		
		
	

	
	
	
		partition-hash-int.txt
	
	
		autopartition-long.txt
	
	
		
		3
	

	
		8
		128
	
	
		24
	
	
		yyyy-MM-dd
		2015-01-01
	
	
	
  	partition-range-mod.txt
	
	
	
		3
	

上述文件重点关注第一个tableRule、rule指定了分片规则在哪个表字段，algorithm指定了分片的算法，其中  func1 与文件后面function名称为func1对应，此处使用了PartitionByLong分片算法。
conf下增加sequence_conf.properties文件，其内容如下：
TB_USER.HISIDS=
TB_USER.MINID=1
TB_USER.MAXID=20000
TB_USER.CURID=1
主要申明了主键增长的策略。
四、Mycat分库分表实践测试
1.master节点手动创建数据库
master节点手动创建4个数据库db1，db2,db3,db4 (不要操作从节点)
此时打开slave节点，会观察到slave也会自动创建4个数据库。
Docker实现Mariadb分库分表及读写分离功能
2.开启mycat
使用命令 ./mycat start 开启mycat
./mycat start 启动
./mycat stop 停止 
./mycat console 前台运行 
./mycat restart 重启服务
./mycat pause 暂停 
./mycat status 查看启动状态
如果启动失败，请查看 /usr/local/mycat的wrapper.log 日志文件信息。
FATAL | wrapper | 2019/04/21 14:36:09 | ERROR: Could not write pid file /usr/local/mycat/logs/mycat.pid: No such file or directory
如果遇到上述错误，请在mycat 目录创建logs 文件夹，重新启动即可。
[root@localhost mycat]# bin/mycat status
Mycat-server is running (5065).
上述消息则表示mycat启动成功。
2.放行mycat通信端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8066/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9066/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
使用docker镜像开启mycat容器实例
docker run --name mycat -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties:/usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties --privileged=true -p 8066:8066 -p 9066:9066 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d longhronshens/mycat-docker 
或者关闭防火墙。
3. mycat连接
使用navicate连接mycat，端口8066(9066为管理端口)
Docker实现Mariadb分库分表及读写分离功能
使用命令连接mycat
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h227.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P8066 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> 
管理端命令：
mysql -h227.0.0.1 -uroot -proot -P9066 
查看虚拟逻辑库：
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| test   |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> 
使用逻辑库创建表：
MySQL [(none)]> use test;

CREATE TABLE `tb_user` (
 `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `username` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
 `password` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '密码，加密存储',
 `phone` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '注册手机号',
 `email` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '注册邮箱',
 `created` datetime(0) NOT NULL,
 `updated` datetime(0) NOT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
 UNIQUE INDEX `username`(`username`) USING BTREE,
 UNIQUE INDEX `phone`(`phone`) USING BTREE,
 UNIQUE INDEX `email`(`email`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 54 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci COMMENT = '用户表' ROW_FORMAT = Compact;
可以看到mycat,mysql主从都创建了该表
Docker实现Mariadb分库分表及读写分离功能
在创建一张表：
CREATE TABLE `tb_category` (
 `id` varchar(5) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
 `name` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '名字',
 `sort_order` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '排列序号，表示同级类目的展现次序，如数值相等则按名称次序排列。取值范围:大于零的整数',
 `created` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
 `updated` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
 INDEX `updated`(`updated`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;
插入一条数据：
INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (7, 'zhangsan', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e', '13488888888', 'aa@a', '2015-04-06 17:03:55', '2015-04-06 17:03:55');
为测试分库效果，我们插入不同ID的数据来观察一下：
INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (128, 'zhang02', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888882', 'aa@01.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (256, 'zhang03', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888883', 'aa@02.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');

INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (384, 'zhang05', 'e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss', '13488888885', 'aa@05.com', '2015-04-06 17:03:57', '2015-04-06 17:04:55');
可以看到数据分别分布在db1/db2/db3/db4,分布的规则取决于插入数据的主键在rule.xml 设置的分片规则约束。
查看mycat节点健康状态，在主节点输入如下命令：
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h227.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P9066 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (monitor)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> show @@heartbeat;
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| NAME  | TYPE | HOST     | PORT | RS_CODE | RETRY | STATUS | TIMEOUT | EXECUTE_TIME | LAST_ACTIVE_TIME  | STOP |
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| hostM1 | mysql | 192.168.92.50 | 3306 |    1 |   0 | idle  |  30000 | 1,9,6    | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |
| hostS2 | mysql | 192.168.92.51 | 3307 |    1 |   0 | idle  |  30000 | 1,9,67381  | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false |
+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.36 sec)
上述 RS_CODE 1代表节点正常，-1代表节点异常。
查询mycat所有命令：
MySQL [(none)]> show @@help;
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| STATEMENT                          | DESCRIPTION                |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| show @@time.current                     | Report current timestamp          |
| show @@time.startup                     | Report startup timestamp          |
| show @@version                        | Report Mycat Server version        |
| show @@server                        | Report server status            |
| show @@threadpool                      | Report threadPool status          |
| show @@database                       | Report databases              |
| show @@datanode                       | Report dataNodes              |
| show @@datanode where schema = ?               | Report dataNodes              |
| show @@datasource                      | Report dataSources             |
| show @@datasource where dataNode = ?             | Report dataSources             |
| show @@datasource.synstatus                 | Report datasource data synchronous     |
| show @@datasource.syndetail where name=?           | Report datasource data synchronous detail |
| show @@datasource.cluster                  | Report datasource galary cluster variables |
| show @@processor                       | Report processor status          |
| show @@command                        | Report commands status           |
| show @@connection                      | Report connection status          |
| show @@cache                         | Report system cache usage         |
| show @@backend                        | Report backend connection status      |
| show @@session                        | Report front session details        |
| show @@connection.sql                    | Report connection sql           |
| show @@sql.execute                      | Report execute status           |
| show @@sql.detail where id = ?                | Report execute detail status        |
| show @@sql                          | Report SQL list              |
| show @@sql.high                       | Report Hight Frequency SQL         |
| show @@sql.slow                       | Report slow SQL              |
| show @@sql.resultset                     | Report BIG RESULTSET SQL          |
| show @@sql.sum                        | Report User RW Stat            |
| show @@sql.sum.user                     | Report User RW Stat            |
| show @@sql.sum.table                     | Report Table RW Stat           |
| show @@parser                        | Report parser status            |
| show @@router                        | Report router status            |
| show @@heartbeat                       | Report heartbeat status          |
| show @@heartbeat.detail where name=?             | Report heartbeat current detail      |
| show @@slow where schema = ?                 | Report schema slow sql           |
| show @@slow where datanode = ?                | Report datanode slow sql          |
| show @@sysparam                       | Report system param            |
| show @@syslog limit=?                    | Report system mycat.log          |
| show @@white                         | show mycat white host           |
| show @@white.set=?,?                     | set mycat white host,[ip,user]       |
| show @@directmemory=1 or 2                  | show mycat direct memory usage       |
| show @@check_global -SCHEMA= ? -TABLE=? -retry=? -interval=? | check mycat global table consistency    |
| switch @@datasource name:index                | Switch dataSource             |
| kill @@connection id1,id2,...                | Kill the specified connections       |
| stop @@heartbeat name:time                  | Pause dataNode heartbeat          |
| reload @@config                       | Reload basic config from file       |
| reload @@config_all                     | Reload all config from file        |
| reload @@route                        | Reload route config from file       |
| reload @@user                        | Reload user config from file        |
| reload @@sqlslow=                      | Set Slow SQL Time(ms)           |
| reload @@user_stat                      | Reset show @@sql @@sql.sum @@sql.slow   |
| rollback @@config                      | Rollback all config from memory      |
| rollback @@route                       | Rollback route config from memory     |
| rollback @@user                       | Rollback user config from memory      |
| reload @@sqlstat=open                    | Open real-time sql stat analyzer      |
| reload @@sqlstat=close                    | Close real-time sql stat analyzer     |
| offline                           | Change MyCat status to OFF         |
| online                            | Change MyCat status to ON         |
| clear @@slow where schema = ?                | Clear slow sql by schema          |
| clear @@slow where datanode = ?               | Clear slow sql by datanode         |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
59 rows in set (0.16 sec)
遇到如下错误：
Docker实现Mariadb分库分表及读写分离功能
修改schema.xml 文件属性checkSQLschema:
遇到如下错误：
jvm 1  | Caused by: io.mycat.config.util.ConfigException: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 97; columnNumber: 42; Attribute "defaultAccount" must be declared for element type "user".
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLServerLoader.load(XMLServerLoader.java:111)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLServerLoader.(XMLServerLoader.java:69)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLConfigLoader.(XMLConfigLoader.java:56)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.ConfigInitializer.(ConfigInitializer.java:77)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.config.MycatConfig.(MycatConfig.java:72)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.MycatServer.(MycatServer.java:144)
jvm 1  | 	at io.mycat.MycatServer.(MycatServer.java:96)
jvm 1  | 	... 7 more
jvm 1  | Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 97; columnNumber: 42; Attribute "defaultAccount" must be declared for element type "user".
请修改server.xml 文件，将user模块的defaultAccount取消：

	123456
	test

最后放一张mycat查询结果截图：
Docker实现Mariadb分库分表及读写分离功能
总结
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