MySQL的编译安装及基础操作流程
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一、mysql 5.7 安装
--------------------------安装mysql编译环境--------------------------------------
yum -y install \
ncurses \
ncurses-devel \
bison \
cmake
--------------------------安装mysql压缩包--------------------------------------
useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz -C /opt/
tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
mv boost_1_59_0 boost
--------------------------mysql编译安装--------------------------------------
cd mysql-5.7.17/
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1
------注意:如果在CMAKE的过程中有报错,当报错解决后,需要把源码目录中的CMakeCache.txt文件删除,然后再重新CMAKE,否则错误依旧------------
make && make install
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
---------------------------修改mysql配置文件--------------------------------
vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
----------------------------------------修改环境变量-----------------------
chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
echo 'export PATH' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
------------------------------------数据初始化------------------------------------
cd /usr/local/mysql/
bin/mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
-----------------------------------------启动服务----------------------------------
cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mysqld
netstat -anpt | grep 3306
systemctl enable mysqld
mysqladmin -u root -p password "abc123" //给root账号设置密码为abc123提示输入的是原始密码。
mysql -u root -p
------------------------授权远程登录-------------------------------------
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123' with grant option;
二、mysql数据库基本操作
--------------------------库----------------------------
//创建数据库 create database Myschool;
//查看数据库 show databases;
//删除数据库 drop database Myschool;
//进入数据库 use Myschool;
---------------------------表---------------------------
//创建表 create table info (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name char(10) not null, score decimal(5,2),hobby int(2));
//删除表 drop table info;
//查看表结构 desc info;
//查看Mycshool中的表 show tables;
//修改数据表名 alter table info rename to info7;
//多表查询 select * from info inner join hob where info.hobby=hob.id;
select info.name,ifo.score.hob.hobname from info inner join hob where info.hobby=hob.id;
//别名查询 select i.name,i.score.h.hobname from info i inner join hob h where i.hobby=h.id;
//查询生成新表 create table info2 select i.name,i.score.h.hobname from info i inner join hob h where i.hobby=h.id;
----------------------数据---------------------------
//查看info表中的数据 select * from info;
//插入数据 insert into info (id,name,score) values (5,'tianqi',80);
//筛选 条件 select * from info where id=6;
//修改更新信息 update info set score=75 where id=6;
//删除信息 delete from info where name='test';
//添加字段 alter table info add hobby int(2);
//修改列名 alter table info rename column score to score2;
//修改字段的数据类型 alter table info modify score decimal(4,1);
//排序(升序/降序)select * from info where 1=1 order by score; 默认升序
select * from info where 1=1 order by score asc; 升序
select * from info where 1=1 order by score desc; 降序
//分组 select * from info group by hobby
//聚合函数
统计 count() 例:select count(*) from info2;
平均值 avg() 例:select avg(score)from info2;
三、mysql索引与事务
索引创建方法:create index 索引名字 on 列的列表
例:create index id_index on info(id);
查询索引:show index from info; show index from info \G;
删除索引:drop index id_index on info;
创建唯一索引:create unique index id_index on info(id);
创建主键索引:alter table info add primary key(id);
添加字段: alter table info add column age int;
删除字段:alter table info drop column age;
创建全文索引:create table info(descript TEXT,FULLTEXT(descript)); engine=MyISAM
多列索引:create index multi_index on info(name,adress);
事务:一组操作共同执行或者都不执行,结果保持一致;
begin 开始 set autocommit=0 :禁止自动提交
commit 提交
rollback 回滚
savepoint s1; 定义回滚点
rollback to savepoint s1; 回滚到定义的回滚点
事务四个特性:
原子性,一致性,隔离性,持久性
视图 数据库中的虚拟表
作用: 一张表或者多表中的数据给不同的权限用户提供访问
create view score_view as select * from info where score > 80;
四、用户管理
创建
create user ‘username’@‘host’ identified by 'passwd'
grant 权限 on 数据库.表 to 用户@主机 identified by 密码
查看
select user,authentication_string,host from user;
删除
drop user 'lisi'@'localhost';
重命名
rename user 'zhangsan'@'localhost' to 'test'@'192.168.218.130';
密码明文转化成密文
select password('abc123');
create user ‘username’@‘host’ identified by password '*6691484EA6B50DDDE1926A220DA01FA9E575C18A';
更改用户密码
set password for 'test'@'192.168.218.130' = password('abc123');
忘记密码(5.7)
systemctl stop mysqld
vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables
systemctl start mysqld
mysql
update mysql.user set authentication_string = password('abc123') where user = 'root';
赋权
grant 权限 on 数据库.表 to 用户@主机 identified by 密码;
撤销权限
revoke 权限 on 数据库.表 from 用户@主机;
查看权限
show grants for 用户@主机;
日志管理
vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql_error.log #错误日志
general_log=ON #通用日志
general_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql_general.log
log_bin=mysql-bin #二进制日志(记录所有操作)
查看二进制文件
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults mysql-bin.00001
慢日志
slow_query_log=ON
slow_query_log_file=mysql-slow_query.log
long_query_time=1 #参照时间
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